drinking water standards
Most people may think their drinking water has enough safe standards for drinking. Although there are bigger problems them the drinking water standards, people should have alertness, because drinking can be a serious problem. We should continue to improve the drinking water standards and protect human health, because what will happen in the future we don’t know. Preventing is better than treatment.
Since the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed by the federal government in 1974 and amended several times to control the drinking water supply for protecting human health. Currently, most people may think their drinking water has enough safe standards for drinking.
However, there are some problems of the water treatment with drinking water standards in Missouri. For example, Lake Chesterfield has some problems of turbidity and suspended solids which should be cleaned by a developer, but an environmental engineer in the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Hamoud, said current technology could reduce the amount of suspended solids in the lakes, but the laws had not kept up with technology, so the department had no authority to require JMB to pay for such procedures at Lake Chesterfield (Shinkle, 2004, par. 10). Although the residents of Lake Chesterfield complained a long time ago, they don't understand whether the department can or cannot request that the developers do something. Because our law is weak, although some people’s spirit is willing, the practice is weak.
On the other hand, some things are heartening; for example, conservationists combine with unemployed workers for working together to protect good jobs and our environment, and workers also “want clean air, safe drinking water and beautiful places to hike and take their kids fishing” (Miller and Perry, 2004, par. 6).
Some people exert themselves to protect the environment, but some developers only want to make more benefits, ignoring the health of people and the environment. Current law and drinking water standards seem too low, and didn’t change with the technology of disposing of sewage. Some developers have been getting away with breaking laws and violating drinking water standards. Sometimes they could get better on water treatment, but they didn’t. According to an article of Sara Shipley (2004, par. 17), Michael Alesandrini said that “No one will ever use groundwater for drinking water”, so they don’t have to clean it up to drinking water standards. Actually, according the 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, there are 37.7 % of people who used the groundwater through water supplies (EPA, 2004).
Although environmental groups and some people who love the environment want to protect the environment, some developers are using the lack of law for achieving their benefits.
I think Missouri should change their laws and drinking water standards on water treatment and water supply. They must consider more about human health.
First, the law should grow with the technological equipment of clean water. The technological equipment can clean the water to a better condition, but some people who have responsibility to clean the water didn’t clean it better. For example, in the case of pollution of Lake Chesterfield, “Hamoud said a company of JMB has been responsible for the pollution and the technology could reduce it in the lakes, but that the department could not force the company to clean the lakes because it didn’t have authority to require the company to clean the lake” (Shinkle, 2004, par. 8 & 10). Although the technology can reduce the pollution, the company could depend on the law and wasn’t responsible for that.
For example, according to A. Clark’s article, the “liquid-liquid extraction” which is current analytical methods using for monitoring and detectible emergencies of water contamination, and researcher think that is more weakness, for example “it is time consuming for large numbers of samples, difficult to automate, and requires high purity solvents, and it is subject to contamination, recovery and precision may be poor, safe disposal of solvents is also problematic and expensive” (Clark, 2004, p. 78). The researcher thinks it is required the requirement that we should be quickly alert about the case of contamination emergencies, and be able to react quickly to protect drinking water quality and human health, and there are some advantages of rapid analysis of water, such as “the chromatographic techniques method can be exercising duty of care to protect consumers and maintain quality, a deterrent to negligent dischargers and other potential polluters, initiating remediation methods, identifying sources of contamination, processing control monitoring and improved operation, costing benefits (legal liabilities, protecting works), branding image/avoiding adverse publicity, and improving business resilience and efficiency” (Clark. 2004). Although currently the drinking water hasn’t emerged as too serious a problem, people should have an alertness about drinking water, so the water supplies should have quick equipment for monitoring and detectible emergencies.
So, I think we should make the law strong for forcing some companies to clean the pollution, because if the law didn’t force and constrain, maybe no one will clean the pollution. I think the technological equipment may be very expensive, but the government, developers, and researchers can work in coordination to find a better way for protecting our environment.
Second, the law should be strong on the drinking water standards for keeping people’s health. In November of 1993 to the middle of January 1994, 500 people became ill, and seven residents of a nursing home died, which was caused by water supply whose water had fecal coliforms, and the water was from a local well and it was proved uncontaminated, the coliforms problem was from the water tank (Deininger, 2004). In this case, although the well water was uncontaminated, the water supplies didn’t pay attention or clean their water tank. We should know human health is very important, and water supply should not only pay attention on drinking water, but also pay attention to other equipments such as water tank.
Moreover, as for the Water Protection Program, I think the drinking water standards may be weak, and that didn’t constrain the supplier. According to Missouri Department of Natural Resources, which published the 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, many as 339 public water systems still violated the Maximum Contaminant Level of Total Coliform Rule (MoDNR, 2003). Nevertheless, authorities advise the residents to boil drinking water because it has a problem of fecal coliform (Hill, 2004). Although the authority had advised the people to boil drinking water, does anyone do that? I don’t think so, because people are not used to boiling the drinking water before they drink. I don’t know why the water supplier didn’t clean the fecal coliform, and why the Water Protection Program of MoDNR didn’t force the water supplier to clean the fecal coliform, and why they only tell people the water has a problem. On the other hand, people still didn’t have alertness about the drinking water and didn’t boil the drinking water.
Furthermore, we should make a strict safe drinking water standard for protecting human health. according to an article of Federal Register Notice “Minor Clarification of National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Arsenic”, in 2001 the new Safe Drinking Water Act had changed the regulation of arsenic, which requires the water supplier to change the amount of arsenic in drinking water from the 50 parts per billion (ppb) standards to 10 ppb and 0.010 mg/l standard beginning on January, 2006 (EPA, 2003). On the other hand, although the drinking water standard has improved for toxic arsenic, it still seems still too high of arsenic standard. According to the Dr. Lebanon’s article, the medical researchers found a very low level of the arsenic standard that can cause many diseases, “including several form of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and reproductive or developmental problems, and other abnormalities” (Lebanon, 2004, par. 1, 4). Although the new Safe Drinking Water Act had changed the standard, the medical researchers think that arsenic level is still too close to the margin of influencing human health. They recommend the arsenic standard should be as low as 2-3 ppb for human health, because they found some case of effects to health that the arsenic standard was such as 10 ppb (Lebanon, 2004). Sometimes, the water supplier violated the regulation of safe water; for example, according to 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, there were five water systems that violated the arsenic standard that is more than 0.050 MCL (mg/l). So, we can assume if sometime the water systems will violate more than 10 ppb of arsenic standard, and if the arsenic standard was made at 2-3 ppb, that people may not worry about the arsenic standard of more than 10 ppb, because the water supplier usually only control the drinking water under or at the margin of safe standards.
Moreover, I suggest and hope the drinking water standards can be made higher. According to an article from USA Today, “the usual water treatment methods can’t remove the pesticides from drinking water” (2004, p. 06d). In this case, farmers use pesticides, which affect the drinking water in Missouri and cause a lot of problems which can affect our health. I think if the drinking water standards aren’t made stronger, then people will get some disease from drinking.
Lastly, the industries and developers should restore the environment and keep water quality. According to a Journal from Dolan Media Newswires (2004), a company will deal with the contaminated well, and return its standards to public drinking water standards in Oak Grove Village, Mo. This is because some chemicals “such as trichloroethylene, were discovered in Oak Grove Village's municipal well in June 1986” (Dolan Media Newswires, 2004, par. 6). Since that time the well has been closed until the company considers cleaning it. In this case, the well was polluted by chemicals, which caused the well to be unable to supply water for the city. People usually consider their benefit, and didn’t care about other people’s health and environmental protection. On the other hand, the environmentalists and corporations are working together to protect our environment because they worry about unemployment rates, and their workers want to improve the environment such as the drinking water, and have a beautiful places to travel with their kids (Miller and Perry, 2004, p. d07). In this case, some people attempt to protect and to improve our environment, but some people still don’t care about environmental problems and destroy our environment for their own benefit. I suggest some industries and developers who should be responsible for their pollutants and control their pollutants. They should restore the society and environment such as the above-mentioned, because the pollutants were made by them.
The developers and businessmen should restore the environment because they have destroyed our environment. I think the government should require them to take responsibility for the environment, such as paying the money for cleaning water and air etc. According to Ted Halstead’s article, he suggests that the businesses should pay the tax on pollution, because the “pollution taxes would protect the environment by encouraging businesses and individuals to generate less pollution” (Halstead, 1998, par. 1). I agree with the pollution taxes, because if the government made a tax code on pollution, general people would have a new environment. The businesses would consider and reduce more pollution, and they would emit less pollution because they don’t want to pay too much on pollution taxes. Moreover, the pollution taxes also can help cleaning up the contaminated areas because currently the government may not have too much budget to clean it up, and general people don’t have responsibility for cleaning it and they don’t want to pay more taxes, because the pollution was not caused by them. The pollution taxes also can be used to study for improving and reducing pollution. In addition, when the government has money to clean the contaminated areas, water or air, it would bring more jobs to the unemployed. It would seem to have more advantage for people and environment
In conclusion, because the current laws about protecting water and drinking water standards have had some problem, we should make stronger laws to protect our health. We should add on to the law with the technological growth that can reduce pollution and make the water clean. I stand on cleaning up water and getting better and high drinking water standards for people and environment. The drinking water can be a very serious problem, so people should consider more about preventing and improving drinking water standards.
Bibliography
Clark, A. (2004). Contamination Monitoring: Screening VS Targeted Analysis. In J. Gray and K. C. Thompson (Eds.), Water Contamination Emergencies: Can We Cope? (pp. 77-79). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Dolan Media Newswires (2004, Aug 20). Missouri Dept. of Natural Resources hires The Benham Cos. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2003, March 25). Minor Clarification of National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Arsenic. Federal Register Notice. Retrieved Oct 01, 2004 from www.epa.gov/safewater/standards.html.
Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR). 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems. Retrieved Oct 01, 2004 from www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/wpcp/fyreports/2003acr.pdf.
Shinkle, F. (2004, April 5). Developer is cited under water law State finds problems at enclaves in Wildwood. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. 01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Hill, F. (2004, July 09). News Briefs. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. 01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Lebanon, (2004, Sep 26). New Arsenic Drinking Water Standard May Still be Toxic. Medical News Today. Retrieved Oct, 01, 2004 from www.medicalnewstoday.com.
Miller, J. and Perry, M. (2004, Sep 6). Hybrid ingenuity from hybrid thinking. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. D07. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Shipley, S. (2004, Aug 16). Maplewood mall will cover toxic ground. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. A01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Deininger, R. A. (2004). Overview of Handling Emergencies: Some Cautionary Tales. In J. Gray and K. C. Thompson (Eds.), Water Contamination Emergencies: Can We Cope? (pp. 135-136). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Halstead, T. (1998, April 20). Businesses Should Be Taxed on Pollution. In Roleff, T. L. (Ed.) 2002, Pollution: Opposing Viewpoints (pp. 200-203). Greenhaven Press, Inc.
USA Today (2003, Jun 18). Pesticides lower sperm levels. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from EBSCO Host Database.
Since the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed by the federal government in 1974 and amended several times to control the drinking water supply for protecting human health. Currently, most people may think their drinking water has enough safe standards for drinking.
However, there are some problems of the water treatment with drinking water standards in Missouri. For example, Lake Chesterfield has some problems of turbidity and suspended solids which should be cleaned by a developer, but an environmental engineer in the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Hamoud, said current technology could reduce the amount of suspended solids in the lakes, but the laws had not kept up with technology, so the department had no authority to require JMB to pay for such procedures at Lake Chesterfield (Shinkle, 2004, par. 10). Although the residents of Lake Chesterfield complained a long time ago, they don't understand whether the department can or cannot request that the developers do something. Because our law is weak, although some people’s spirit is willing, the practice is weak.
On the other hand, some things are heartening; for example, conservationists combine with unemployed workers for working together to protect good jobs and our environment, and workers also “want clean air, safe drinking water and beautiful places to hike and take their kids fishing” (Miller and Perry, 2004, par. 6).
Some people exert themselves to protect the environment, but some developers only want to make more benefits, ignoring the health of people and the environment. Current law and drinking water standards seem too low, and didn’t change with the technology of disposing of sewage. Some developers have been getting away with breaking laws and violating drinking water standards. Sometimes they could get better on water treatment, but they didn’t. According to an article of Sara Shipley (2004, par. 17), Michael Alesandrini said that “No one will ever use groundwater for drinking water”, so they don’t have to clean it up to drinking water standards. Actually, according the 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, there are 37.7 % of people who used the groundwater through water supplies (EPA, 2004).
Although environmental groups and some people who love the environment want to protect the environment, some developers are using the lack of law for achieving their benefits.
I think Missouri should change their laws and drinking water standards on water treatment and water supply. They must consider more about human health.
First, the law should grow with the technological equipment of clean water. The technological equipment can clean the water to a better condition, but some people who have responsibility to clean the water didn’t clean it better. For example, in the case of pollution of Lake Chesterfield, “Hamoud said a company of JMB has been responsible for the pollution and the technology could reduce it in the lakes, but that the department could not force the company to clean the lakes because it didn’t have authority to require the company to clean the lake” (Shinkle, 2004, par. 8 & 10). Although the technology can reduce the pollution, the company could depend on the law and wasn’t responsible for that.
For example, according to A. Clark’s article, the “liquid-liquid extraction” which is current analytical methods using for monitoring and detectible emergencies of water contamination, and researcher think that is more weakness, for example “it is time consuming for large numbers of samples, difficult to automate, and requires high purity solvents, and it is subject to contamination, recovery and precision may be poor, safe disposal of solvents is also problematic and expensive” (Clark, 2004, p. 78). The researcher thinks it is required the requirement that we should be quickly alert about the case of contamination emergencies, and be able to react quickly to protect drinking water quality and human health, and there are some advantages of rapid analysis of water, such as “the chromatographic techniques method can be exercising duty of care to protect consumers and maintain quality, a deterrent to negligent dischargers and other potential polluters, initiating remediation methods, identifying sources of contamination, processing control monitoring and improved operation, costing benefits (legal liabilities, protecting works), branding image/avoiding adverse publicity, and improving business resilience and efficiency” (Clark. 2004). Although currently the drinking water hasn’t emerged as too serious a problem, people should have an alertness about drinking water, so the water supplies should have quick equipment for monitoring and detectible emergencies.
So, I think we should make the law strong for forcing some companies to clean the pollution, because if the law didn’t force and constrain, maybe no one will clean the pollution. I think the technological equipment may be very expensive, but the government, developers, and researchers can work in coordination to find a better way for protecting our environment.
Second, the law should be strong on the drinking water standards for keeping people’s health. In November of 1993 to the middle of January 1994, 500 people became ill, and seven residents of a nursing home died, which was caused by water supply whose water had fecal coliforms, and the water was from a local well and it was proved uncontaminated, the coliforms problem was from the water tank (Deininger, 2004). In this case, although the well water was uncontaminated, the water supplies didn’t pay attention or clean their water tank. We should know human health is very important, and water supply should not only pay attention on drinking water, but also pay attention to other equipments such as water tank.
Moreover, as for the Water Protection Program, I think the drinking water standards may be weak, and that didn’t constrain the supplier. According to Missouri Department of Natural Resources, which published the 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, many as 339 public water systems still violated the Maximum Contaminant Level of Total Coliform Rule (MoDNR, 2003). Nevertheless, authorities advise the residents to boil drinking water because it has a problem of fecal coliform (Hill, 2004). Although the authority had advised the people to boil drinking water, does anyone do that? I don’t think so, because people are not used to boiling the drinking water before they drink. I don’t know why the water supplier didn’t clean the fecal coliform, and why the Water Protection Program of MoDNR didn’t force the water supplier to clean the fecal coliform, and why they only tell people the water has a problem. On the other hand, people still didn’t have alertness about the drinking water and didn’t boil the drinking water.
Furthermore, we should make a strict safe drinking water standard for protecting human health. according to an article of Federal Register Notice “Minor Clarification of National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Arsenic”, in 2001 the new Safe Drinking Water Act had changed the regulation of arsenic, which requires the water supplier to change the amount of arsenic in drinking water from the 50 parts per billion (ppb) standards to 10 ppb and 0.010 mg/l standard beginning on January, 2006 (EPA, 2003). On the other hand, although the drinking water standard has improved for toxic arsenic, it still seems still too high of arsenic standard. According to the Dr. Lebanon’s article, the medical researchers found a very low level of the arsenic standard that can cause many diseases, “including several form of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and reproductive or developmental problems, and other abnormalities” (Lebanon, 2004, par. 1, 4). Although the new Safe Drinking Water Act had changed the standard, the medical researchers think that arsenic level is still too close to the margin of influencing human health. They recommend the arsenic standard should be as low as 2-3 ppb for human health, because they found some case of effects to health that the arsenic standard was such as 10 ppb (Lebanon, 2004). Sometimes, the water supplier violated the regulation of safe water; for example, according to 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems, there were five water systems that violated the arsenic standard that is more than 0.050 MCL (mg/l). So, we can assume if sometime the water systems will violate more than 10 ppb of arsenic standard, and if the arsenic standard was made at 2-3 ppb, that people may not worry about the arsenic standard of more than 10 ppb, because the water supplier usually only control the drinking water under or at the margin of safe standards.
Moreover, I suggest and hope the drinking water standards can be made higher. According to an article from USA Today, “the usual water treatment methods can’t remove the pesticides from drinking water” (2004, p. 06d). In this case, farmers use pesticides, which affect the drinking water in Missouri and cause a lot of problems which can affect our health. I think if the drinking water standards aren’t made stronger, then people will get some disease from drinking.
Lastly, the industries and developers should restore the environment and keep water quality. According to a Journal from Dolan Media Newswires (2004), a company will deal with the contaminated well, and return its standards to public drinking water standards in Oak Grove Village, Mo. This is because some chemicals “such as trichloroethylene, were discovered in Oak Grove Village's municipal well in June 1986” (Dolan Media Newswires, 2004, par. 6). Since that time the well has been closed until the company considers cleaning it. In this case, the well was polluted by chemicals, which caused the well to be unable to supply water for the city. People usually consider their benefit, and didn’t care about other people’s health and environmental protection. On the other hand, the environmentalists and corporations are working together to protect our environment because they worry about unemployment rates, and their workers want to improve the environment such as the drinking water, and have a beautiful places to travel with their kids (Miller and Perry, 2004, p. d07). In this case, some people attempt to protect and to improve our environment, but some people still don’t care about environmental problems and destroy our environment for their own benefit. I suggest some industries and developers who should be responsible for their pollutants and control their pollutants. They should restore the society and environment such as the above-mentioned, because the pollutants were made by them.
The developers and businessmen should restore the environment because they have destroyed our environment. I think the government should require them to take responsibility for the environment, such as paying the money for cleaning water and air etc. According to Ted Halstead’s article, he suggests that the businesses should pay the tax on pollution, because the “pollution taxes would protect the environment by encouraging businesses and individuals to generate less pollution” (Halstead, 1998, par. 1). I agree with the pollution taxes, because if the government made a tax code on pollution, general people would have a new environment. The businesses would consider and reduce more pollution, and they would emit less pollution because they don’t want to pay too much on pollution taxes. Moreover, the pollution taxes also can help cleaning up the contaminated areas because currently the government may not have too much budget to clean it up, and general people don’t have responsibility for cleaning it and they don’t want to pay more taxes, because the pollution was not caused by them. The pollution taxes also can be used to study for improving and reducing pollution. In addition, when the government has money to clean the contaminated areas, water or air, it would bring more jobs to the unemployed. It would seem to have more advantage for people and environment
In conclusion, because the current laws about protecting water and drinking water standards have had some problem, we should make stronger laws to protect our health. We should add on to the law with the technological growth that can reduce pollution and make the water clean. I stand on cleaning up water and getting better and high drinking water standards for people and environment. The drinking water can be a very serious problem, so people should consider more about preventing and improving drinking water standards.
Bibliography
Clark, A. (2004). Contamination Monitoring: Screening VS Targeted Analysis. In J. Gray and K. C. Thompson (Eds.), Water Contamination Emergencies: Can We Cope? (pp. 77-79). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Dolan Media Newswires (2004, Aug 20). Missouri Dept. of Natural Resources hires The Benham Cos. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2003, March 25). Minor Clarification of National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Arsenic. Federal Register Notice. Retrieved Oct 01, 2004 from www.epa.gov/safewater/standards.html.
Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR). 2003 Annual Compliance Report of Missouri Drinking Water Systems. Retrieved Oct 01, 2004 from www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/wpcp/fyreports/2003acr.pdf.
Shinkle, F. (2004, April 5). Developer is cited under water law State finds problems at enclaves in Wildwood. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. 01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Hill, F. (2004, July 09). News Briefs. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. 01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Lebanon, (2004, Sep 26). New Arsenic Drinking Water Standard May Still be Toxic. Medical News Today. Retrieved Oct, 01, 2004 from www.medicalnewstoday.com.
Miller, J. and Perry, M. (2004, Sep 6). Hybrid ingenuity from hybrid thinking. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. D07. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Shipley, S. (2004, Aug 16). Maplewood mall will cover toxic ground. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. A01. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from Lexis-Nexis Database.
Deininger, R. A. (2004). Overview of Handling Emergencies: Some Cautionary Tales. In J. Gray and K. C. Thompson (Eds.), Water Contamination Emergencies: Can We Cope? (pp. 135-136). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Halstead, T. (1998, April 20). Businesses Should Be Taxed on Pollution. In Roleff, T. L. (Ed.) 2002, Pollution: Opposing Viewpoints (pp. 200-203). Greenhaven Press, Inc.
USA Today (2003, Jun 18). Pesticides lower sperm levels. Retrieved Aug 10, 2004 from EBSCO Host Database.

